آشنایی با اخلاق پزشکی ۲۰۰۸
An Introduction to Medical Ethics 2008

1. Preface

2. Introduction

3. History

4. What makes a good doctor?

5. A doctor does not only deliver quality care – he promotes excellence.

6. When I was a medical student,

7. The changes are necessary because we have become wealthier, our patients more demanding.

8. What of medicine in Singapore?

9. Today, we have to stay competitive.

10. How is an excellent reputation created? How do we recognize medical excellence?

11. Experience would mean that doctors need to follow a good leader, a good doctor or a good surgeon, and to follow him through 10, 20 or 100 procedures.

12. It is important to know values.

13. New technology, which is essential for advancement, will continue to be introduced in Singapore. This is exciting — doing lung operations through 2 cm incisions, taking out the gall bladder with small incisions. However, we have to be careful and evaluate the outcome.

14. A good doctor must know that before he carries out any procedure, the age-old medical adage must prevail: “First of all, do no harm.”

15. A good doctor must maintain healthy relationships with his colleagues, his patients and the society in which he lives and serves.

16. Respecting their teachers and acknowledging and praising the excellence of their colleagues are issues doctors should address.

17. In ancient society, the doctor was regarded as a supernatural figure as he grappled with the serious and mysterious forces of disease and health.

18. I have already explained that it is most important to ensure that the patient’s interest is foremost.

19. No government will take a doctor seriously if he is only interested in his own welfare and disregards the interest of society. We must remember that the medical profession, although important, represents only a small part of the multitude of the problems that a nation faces.

20. Some important current issues of medical ethics: It would be wise for doctors not to ignore the national problem of costs for good health care. It is clear that in our inflationary society with an aging population, costs will spiral.

21. The medical professions in several countries generated considerable controversy when they liberalized advertisement.

22. There are of course problems. Who decides? Who can advertise? In what way? How often? What if the statements are untrue?

23. In conclusion, I must again emphasize that above anything else, the ethical principle which holds that the patient’s interest must always be foremost should be upheld as the chief consideration in the doctor’s relationship with his patients.