بخش سوم ۲۰۱۳
The Third Sector 2013

1. Preface

2. Introduction

3. Part I – The Third Sector Between the Market and the State

1.1 Sociological and Political Science Approaches to the Third Sector

1. Introduction

2. Institutional Characteristics and Classifications

3. Organizational Rationales

4. Sectoral Functions

5. Research Strategies

1.2 Economic Theories of the Nonprofit Sector: A Comparative Perspective

1.3 Modern Welfare State Policy Toward the Nonprofit Sector: Some Efficiency – Equity Dilemmas

1. Appropriate Roles for the Nonprofit Sector

2. Methods to Encourage Nonprofit Performance

3. Regulation of Nonprofit Relations with Government and Business Sectors and with Donors

4. Relations with Donors

16. Part II – Organizational Theory and Behavior

2.1 Institutional Choice and Organizational Behavior in the Third Sector

2.2 Institutional Choice and the Nonprofit Sector

1. Issues of “Institutional Choice”

2. The Nonprofit Sector as a Result of “Institutional Choice” Considerations

3. Problems Common to Both Approaches

2.3 The Economic Role of Commercial Nonprofits: The Evolution of the Savings Bank Industry

1. Introduction

2. The Origins of the Savings Bank Industry

3. The Development of Commercial Savings Banks

4. Mutual Savings and Loan Associations

5. Conclusion

2.4 Nonprofit Organizations and Consumer Policy: The Swedish Model

1. Introduction

2. Theoretical Concerns and Systemic Considerations

3. The Origin and Development of Consumer Influence in Sweden

4. Summary and Conclusions

2.5 Para-Government Organizations in the Provision of Public Services: Three Explanations

1. Introduction

2. A “National Style” Approach to Explaining Agency Type

3. An Administrative Dilemmas Approach

4. A Subsidiarity/Transaction Problems Approach

5. Conclusion

2.6 Organizational Behavior and Organizational Function: Toward a Micro – Macro Theory of the Third Sector

1. Introduction

2. Organizational Behavior and Organizational Function

3. The Concept of Organizational Isomorphism and Some Vexing Problems in Explaining the Existence of a “Third Sector”

4. The Niche-Phenomenon in Modern Organizational Culture: X-Inefficiency and Population Ecology of Organizations as an Approach to the Third Sector

5. Organizational Behavior and Political Functionalism: The Third Sector as Response to Legitimacy-Dilemmas in Modern Democracy

6. Pattern of Micro-Behavior and Macro-Functions

7. Conclusion and Suggestions for Further Research

2.7 Competition, Resources, and Strategy in the British Nonprofit Sector

1. Introduction

2. Characteristics of the British Nonprofit Sector

3. Strategy in Voluntary Organizations

4. Data and Methods

5. Discussion: Resource Dependence and Strategy

6. Conclusion

2.8 Voluntary Organizations and Accountability: Theory and Practice

1. Introduction

2. The Rise of Voluntary Sector Accountability: Pluralism, Professionalism, and Consumerism

3. Accountability and Voluntary Organizations

4. The Complexity of Voluntary Organization Accountability

5. The Reality of Voluntary Sector Accountability

60. Part III – The Public and the Private: Efficiency, Funding, and

61. Autonomy

3.1 Efficiency, Funding, and Autonomy in the Third Sector

3.2 Achievement in Public and Private Secondary Education in the Netherlands

1. Introduction

2. Data, Methods, and Variables

3. Achievement in Public and Private Grammar Schools

4. Achievement in Public and Private Junior General Schools

5. Conclusions

3.3 Public Money, Voluntary Action: Whose Welfare?

1. Introduction

2. The Mixed Economy

3. Voluntary Sector Revenue and Public Sector Support

4. Rationales for Government Support

5. Whose Welfare?

3.4 The Nonprofit Sector and Government: The American Experience in Theory and Practice

1. Nine Observations

2. Conclusion

3.5 The Relationship Between Voluntary Associations and State Agencies in the Provision of Social Services at the Local Level

1. Community

2. The Aims of Voluntary Associations

3. The State Response

4. Modes of Relationship

5. The Relationship Studied

6. The Analysis of Power

7. Conclusion

3.6 Nonprofit Social Service Agencies and the Welfare State: Some Research Considerations

1. The Mixed Economy

2. The Significance of Auspices

3. Critique of Empowerment

4. The Nonprofit Sector as an Object of Research

5. Distinctive Character of Voluntary Nonprofit Organizations

6. Three Examples of Inter-Organizational Research

7. Conclusion

94. Part IV – The Third Sector: International Perspectives

4.1 Nonprofit Organizations in International Perspective

1. Comparative Advantages of Nonprofit Organizations

2. Limits and Constraints

3. Concluding Remarks

4.2 The Nonprofit Sector in a Centrally Planned Economy

1. Introduction

2. Nonprofit Sector in State-Socialism?

3. State-Socialism Is not Welfare Socialism

4. The Revival of Hungary’s Private Voluntary Sector

5. Conclusion

6. Postscript

4.3 Public Authorities and the Nonprofit Sector in France

1. Introduction

2. The Allocation Function

3. The Redistribution Function

4. The Regulation Function

4.4 The Nonprofit Sector in Switzerland: Taxonomy and Dimensions

1. The System of National Accounts (SNA)

2. The Third Sector and the Modern Welfare State

3. Size and Growth of the Third Sector Within Swiss Social Policy

4. The Third Sector: Supplement Rather Than Substitute

4.5 A Profile of the Third Sector in West Germany

1. Introduction

2. Relevant Characteristics of West German Society

3. A Profile of the Third Sector in West Germany

4. Concluding Remarks

4.6 The Role of Nonprofit Organizations in the Spanish Health Care Market

1. Introduction

2. Basic Features and Recent Trends in the Spanish Health Insurance Market

3. NPOs in the Health Care Insurance Market

4. The Future of the Private Insurance Sector

5. The Future Role of NPOs in the Spanish Health Care System

4.7 Traditional Neighborhood Associations in Industrial Society: The Case of Japan

1. Introduction

2. Neighborhood Associations and the Welfare System

3. The Ideological Legacy of Japanese Neighborhood Associations

4. jichikai (Neighborhood Associations)

5. Functions of jichikai

6. Financing of jichikai

7. The Cultural Background: Confucianism

8. The Relationship Between jichikai and Community

9. Conclusion

4.8 Private Voluntary Organizations and the Third World: The Case of Africa

1. Introduction

2. Comparative Advantages of PVOs

3. PVOs and the Organizational Field of Development

4. Financial Flows

5. Concluding Remarks

143. Part V – Conclusion

5. The Third Sector in Comparative Perspective: Four Propositions

1. Four Propositions

2. Concluding Remarks

147. Biographical Notes

148. Name Index

149. Subject Index