تحلیل ژنتیکی صفات کمی ۲۰۲۰
Genetical Analysis of Quantitative Traits 2020

1. Cover

2. Half Title

3. Title Page

4. Copyright Page

5. Contents

6. Preface

7. Dedication

1 Introduction

1.1 Qualitative, single gene differences

1.2 What are quantitative traits?

1.3 Who studies quantitative traits?

1.4 Why are quantitative traits important?

1.5 What do we need to know about quantitative traits?

1.6 Historical development of quantitative genetics

15. Summary

16. Further reading

2 Basic generations – means

2.1 Single gene model with additive and dominance effects

2.2 Two gene model with additive and dominance effects

2.3 Multiple gene model with additive and dominance effects

2.4 Extension to other generations

2.5 Relationships between generation means

2.6 Estimating genetical parameters

2.7 Interpretation: heterosis and potence ratio

25. Summary

26. References

3 Basic generations- variances

3.2 Environmental variation

3.3 Estimating environmental variance

3.4 Variation in the segregating generations

3.5 Estimation of genetical components

3.6 Heritability, h2

3.7 Relationships between [a] and V*a, and [d] and V*D

3.8 Dominance ratio

3.9 Variances and means

36. References

4 Selfing and full-sib mating

4.1 Selfing: F3 families

4.2 Selfing: F4 families and beyond

4.3 Applications of selfing theory

4.4 Variation between inbred lines derived from an F2

4.5 Sib-mating an F2

4.6 Sib-mating: regression of offspring onto the parents

4.7 Further inbreeding by full-sib mating

4.8 Estimation of variance components by weighted least squares

4.9 Unequal family sizes

47. Summary

48. References

5 Half-sib mating designs

5.1 The North Carolina Experiment I: NCI

5.2 The North Carolina Experiment II: NCII

5.3 General and specific combining ability

5.4 Multiple NCIIs

5.5 The North Carolina Experiment III: NCIII

5.6 The Triple Test Cross: TTC

5.7 The diallel cross

5.8 HS designs using inbred lines from an F2 as parents

58. Summary

59. References

6 Genes, genetic markers and maps

6.1 Genetic markers

6.3 Mutations in structural genes

6.4 Molecular genetic markers

6.5 Chiasmata, crossing over and genetic exchange

6.6 Chiasma frequency and recombination frequency

6.7 Estimation of recombination frequency

6.8 Mapping functions

6.9 Segregation distortion

69. Summary

70. References

71. Further reading

7.2 Background to methodology

7.3 QTL and marker loci in segregating generations

7.4 Handling more than one QTL on a chromosome

7.5 Biometrical methods of gene counting

7.6 General conclusions on QTL counting and locating

77. Summary

78. References

79. Further reading

8 Designer chromosomes

8.1 Chromosome engineering

8.2 Locating a QTL within the substituted region

8.3 Detecting substitution effects

8.4 Manipulating whole chromosomes

8.5 Chromosome substitution methods in different species

8.6 Use of chromosome substitution lines

87. Summary

88. References

9 Populations

9.2 Solutions

9.3 Consequences of definitions of VA and VD

9.4 Studies of human populations

9.5 The use of twins

9.6 Heritabilities of human traits

9.7 Genotype-environment correlation

9.8 Diallel crosses

9.9 Inbreeding in a population

98. Summary

99. References

10 The consequences of linkage

10.1 Genetic variation with linkage

10.2 Extension to more than two genes

10.3 Linkage and random mating an F2

10.4 Linkage and inbreeding an F2

10.6 Tests of linkage

10.7 Sex linkage

10.8 Basic generations of single crosses

10.9 Full-sib families

10.10 Half-sib designs

110. Summary

111. References

11 Epistasis

11.1 Definitions

11.2 Relationship with classical epistasis

11.3 What is parameter m?

11.4 The effects of association and dispersion on epistasis

11.5 Deriving the expectations of generation means

11.6 Estimates and tests of significance

11.7 Determining the type of epistasis for a multigene case

11.9 Higher order interactions

11.10 Epistasis and variances

122. Summary

123. References

12 Genotype by environment interaction

12.1 The nature and causes of G x E

12.2 Tests of G x E

12.3 Macro-environ-mental variables

12.4 G x E with many lines

12.5 Interpretation of G x E analysis

12.6 Predictions in the presence of G x E

12.7 Conclusions from the genetic analysis of G x E

12.8 Selection in heterogeneous environments

12.9 Other methods of analysis

12.10 G x E- stability versus flexibility

135. Summary

136. References

137. Further reading

13 Maternal effects and non-diploids

13.2 Models for generation means

13.3 Maternal effects and scaling tests

13.4 Generation variances

13.5 Maternal effects in FS and HS designs

13.6 Haploids and polyploids

13.7 Basic generations with haploids

13.8 Multiple mating designs with haploids

13.9 Basic generations with polyploids

13.10 Multiple mating designs with polyploids

148. Summary

149. References

14 Correlated and threshold characters

14.1 Correlations between characters

14.2 Environmental correlations

14.3 Genetic correlations

14.4 Genetic covariation and design of experiment

14.5 Causes of covariation

14.6 General conclusions about correlations

14.7 Threshold traits

14.8 Handling threshold traits

14.9 Two or more thresholds

160. Summary

161. Further reading

15 Applications

15.1 Choice of breeding objective

15.2 The causes of heterosis

15.3 Predicting the breeding potential of crosses

15.4 Effects of failed assumptions on predictions of RILsand SCHs

15.5 Predicting the response to selection

15.6 Correlated response to selection

15.7 Indirect selection

15.8 Multi-trait selection

15.9 Marker-based selection

15.10 Genetic architecture of populations

15.11 Human populations

174. Summary

175. References

176. Further reading

16 Experimental design

16.1 Replication

16.2 Power of experiments

16.3 Power of biometrical experiments ba,sed on ANOVA

16.4 Reliability of the additive genetic variance

16.5 Data analysis

183. Summary

184. References

185. Appendix A Precision of h2n with FS families

186. Appendix B Precision of h2n with HS families

187. Appendix C Statistical tables; F, χ2, t

188. Appendix D Normal deviate and intensity of selection (i)

189. Appendix E Area under the normal curve

190. Appendix F The weighted least squares procedure

191. Symbols

192. Problems

193. Answers to problems

194. Index