مبدل‌ها در طراحی مکانیکی و الکترونیکی ۲۰۲۰
Transducers in Mechanical and Electronic Design 2020

1. Cover

2. Half Title

3. Series Page

4. Title Page

5. Copyright Page

6. Dedication

7. Preface

8. Contents

1. Basics of Measurement Circuitry

1.1 Operational Amplifiers

1.2 Wheatstone Bridge Circuits

1.3 Voltage and Current Sources

1.4 Chopper-Stabilized Amplifiers

1.5 Linearization

1.6 Multi vibrators

2. Resistive Transducers

2.1 Potentiometers

2.2 Resistance Thermometers

2.3 Thermistors

2.4 Metallic Strain Gages

2.5 Semiconductor Strain Gages

3. Magnetic Transducers

3.1 Linear Variable Differential Transformers

3.2 Linear Variable Reluctance Transducers

3.3 Inductive Proximity Detectors

3.4 Tachometers

4. Capacitive Transducers

4.1 Basics of Capacitance

4.2 Capacitance Measurement Circuitry

4.3 Capacitive Proximity Detectors

4.4 Capacitive Displacement Measurement

4.5 Pressure Measurement

4.6 Capacitive Level Measurement

4.7 Moisture and Humidity Measurement

4.8 Composition Analysis

5. Self-Generating Transducers

5.1 Thermocouples

5.2 Piezoelectric Transducers

6. Electrochemical Transducers

6.1 Conductivity and Its Measurement

6.2 pH and Its Measurement

6.3 Oxidation-Reduction Potential

6.4 Selective Ion Electrodes

7. Semiconductor Transducers

7.1 Temperature

7.2 Strain

7.3 Fabrication of Silicon Mechanical Devices

7.4 Pressure

7.5 Acceleration

7.6 Hall-Effect Sensors

7.7 Photodiodes

7.8 Ion- Sensitive Devices

7.9 Integrated Gas Chromatograph

7.10 The Future

8. Flow Measurement

8.1 Differential Pressure Devices

8.2 Open-Channel Flow

8.3 Vortex-Shedding Meters

8.4 Magnetic Flowmeters

8.5 Ultrasonic Flowmeters

8.6 Thermal Flowmeters

8.7 Turbine and Positive Displacement Flowmeters

8.8 Other Flowmeters

9. Temperature Measurement

9.1 Selecting the Sensor

9.2 Sheathed Probe Assemblies

9.3 Thermowells and Protection Tubes

9.4 Other Temperature Measurement Assemblies

9.5 Accuracy Considerations

9.6 Air and Gas Temperatures

9.7 Surface Temperature Measurement

9.8 Cryogenics

9.9 Molten Metals

9.10 Noncontact Temperature Measurement

10. Pressure, Force, and Weight Measurement

10.1 Pressure Measurement

10.2 Pressure Calibration Standards

10.3 Vacuum Measurement

10.4 Vacuum Gage Calibration

10.5 Force Measurement

10.6 Torque Measurement

10.7 Weight and Mass Measurement

11. Level Measurement

11.1 Floats and Buoyancy Measurements

11.2 Pressure-Based Measurements

11.3 Measurements Using Mechanical Servos

11.4 Impedance Measurements

11.5 Level Detectors

11.6 Weight Measurement

11.7 Ultrasonic Echo Measurements

12. Interfacing to Computers

12.1 Analog-to-Digital Converters

12.2 Communicating with the Converter

12.3 Programming Considerations

12.4 Analog Considerations

12.5 Applications Considerations

12.6 The IEEE-488 Bus

12.7 Data Acquisition Systems and Subsystems

99. Bibliography

100. Index