دانشنامهٔ سیج در روان‌شناسی صنعتی و سازمانی ۲۰۱۶
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2016

1. Cover

2. Half Title

3. Editorial Board

4. Title Page

5. Copyright Page

6. Contents

7. About the Editors

8. Acknowledgments

9. Acknowledgements

10. Contributors

11. Publisher Note

12. Introduction

13. A

14. Abusive Supervision

15. Academic Careers in Industrial and Organizational

Psychology

16. Academy of Management

17. Achievement Needs

18. Achievement Needs, Power Needs, Affiliation Needs, and

Goal Orientation

19. Action Regulation Theory

20. Action-State Orientation

21. Adverse Impact/Disparate Treatment/Discrimination at

Work

22. Affective Events Theory

23. Affective Traits

24. Affiliation Needs

25. Affirmative Action

26. Affordable Care Act

27. After Action Reviews

28. Age Discrimination in Employment Act

29. Alliance for Organizational Psychology

30. Ambition

31. American Psychological Association, Association for

Psychological Science

32. Americans with Disabilities Act

33. Applicant/Test-Taker Reactions

34. Approach–Avoidance Motivation and Regulatory

Focus

35. Arbitration

36. Archival Data/Secondary Data Techniques

37. Armed Conflicts: Implications for Organizations

38. Army Alpha/Army Beta

39. Assessing Organizational Culture

40. Assessment Center

41. Assessment Center Methods

42. Attitudes and Beliefs

43. Attraction–Selection–Attrition

Model

44. Attractiveness

45. Automation/Advanced Manufacturing

Technology/Computer-Based Integrated Technology

46. Autonomy

47. B

48. Background Checks/Credit Checks

49. Balanced Scorecard

50. Banding

51. Bayesian Statistics

52. Behavioral Approach to Leadership

53. Benchmarking

54. Big Data: Implications for Organizations

55. Big Data Techniques/Analytics and I-O Psychology

56. Big Five Taxonomy of Personality

57. Biographical Data

58. Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications

59. Boomerang Employees

60. Bootstrapping

61. Boredom at Work

62. Boundaryless Careers/Protean Mindset

63. Building a Talent Pipeline

64. Bullying at Work

65. C

66. Campbell, John P.: Ninth Recipient, SIOP Distinguished

Scientific Contributions Award

67. Career Development

68. Career Success

69. Career Transitions

70. Careers

71. Careers for Industrial and Organizational

Psychologists

72. Case Study Method

73. Changing Demographics: Implications for

Organizations

74. Charismatic Leadership Theory

75. Civil Rights Act of 1964, Civil Rights Act of

1991

76. Classical Test Theory

77. Classification

78. Climate Change: Implications for Organizations

79. Coercive Citations

80. Cognitive Abilities

81. Cognitive Ability Tests

82. Common Method Variance

83. Comparable Worth

84. Compensation

85. Competency Modeling

86. Compressed Workweek

87. Computer Adaptive Testing

88. Computer-/Web-Based Assessment/Computer Adaptive

Testing

89. Conditional Reasoning

90. Confidence Intervals/Hypothesis Testing/Effect

Sizes

91. Confirmatory Factor Analysis

92. Conflict at Work

93. Conflict Management

94. Construct

95. Contextual Performance/Prosocial Behavior/Organizational

Citizenship Behavior

96. Control Theory

97. Convenience Sampling

98. Core Self-Evaluations

99. Corporate Ethics

100. Corporate Social Responsibility

101. Counterpoductive Behaviors

102. Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Interpersonal

Deviance

103. Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Organizational

Deviance

104. Creativity at Work

105. Credentialing

106. Criterion Theory

107. Critical Incident Technique

108. Cross-Cultural Research Methods and Theory

109. Crowdsourcing

110. Customer Satisfaction and Service

111. Cyberattacks: Implications for Organizations

112. Cyberloafing at Work

113. D

114. Data Mining

115. Data Privacy

116. Data Sampling

117. Data Visualization

118. Dependent Care Support

119. Descriptive Statistics

120. Developing Leadership Talent Through Multiple

Experiences

121. Dictionary of Occupational Titles

122. Differential Item Functioning

123. Dirty Work

124. Dispositional Resistance to Change

125. Distance Learning

126. Diversity Climate

127. Diversity in the Workplace

128. Diversity Training

129. Downsizing

130. Dual-Career Family Issues

131. Dunnette, Marvin D.: Third Recipient, SIOP Distinguished

Scientific Contributions Award

132. Dyadic Data Analysis

133. E

134. Electronic Human Resource Management

135. Electronic Performance Monitoring

136. Emergent Leadership

137. Emerging Markets and Globalization: Implications for

Organizations

138. Emotional Burnout

139. Emotional Intelligence

140. Emotional Labor

141. Emotions

142. Employee and Leader Self-Talk

143. Employee Assistance Programs

144. Employee Grievance Systems

145. Employee Participation and Voice

146. Employee Performance Recognition

147. Employee Selection

148. Employee Wellness Programs

149. Employment at Will

150. Employment Interview

151. Empowerment

152. Engagement

153. Enron Scandal

154. Entrepreneurship

155. Epidemics: Implications for Organizations

156. Equal Pay Act of 1963

157. Equity Theory

158. Ergonomics

159. Error Management Training

160. Ethical Decision Making and Behavior, Promotion

of

161. Ethics in Industrial and Organizational Practice

162. Ethics in Industrial and Organizational

Publishing

163. Ethics in Industrial and Organizational Research

164. Ethics Scandals in Organizations

165. Ethics Training

166. Ethnography

167. European Association of Work and Organizational

Psychology

168. Eustress

169. Executive Attention

170. Executive Coaching

171. Executive Selection

172. Exit Survey (Exit Interview)

173. Exogeneity

174. Expatriate Assignments

175. Expectancy Theory of Work Motivation

176. Experience Sampling Technique

177. Experimental Designs

178. Exploratory Factor Analysis

179. F

180. Facilitating Survey Response

181. Factor Analysis

182. Faking and Intentional Distortion

183. Family and Medical Leave Act

184. Family Business

185. Faultlines

186. Feedback

187. Feedback Seeking

188. Flexible Work Schedules

189. Flow

190. Focus Groups

191. Followership

192. Founders of Industrial and Organizational

Psychology

193. Free Riding

194. Funding Sources for Industrial and Organizational

Psychology Research

195. Furloughs

196. G

197. Gainsharing and Profit Sharing

198. Gamification at Work

199. Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Issues at Work

200. Gay Rights Laws and Legislation

201. Generalizability Theory

202. Generational Issues in Working With Others

203. Genetics and Industrial and Organizational

Psychology

204. Glass Ceiling

205. Glass Cliff

206. Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior

Effectiveness Project

207. Global Political Instability: Implications for

Organizations

208. Goal Orientation

209. Goal-Setting Theory

210. Graphology

211. Gravitational Hypothesis

212. Grounded Theory

213. Group Cohesiveness

214. Group Decision-Making Quality and Performance

215. Group Decision-Making Techniques

216. Group Development

217. Group Dynamics and Processes

218. Group Mental Model

219. Groups

220. Groupthink

221. Guanxi

222. Guion, Robert M.: Fifth Recipient, SIOP Distinguished

Scientific Contributions Award

223. H

224. Hackman, J. Richard: Tenth Recipient, SIOP Distinguished

Scientific Contributions Award

225. Hardiness

226. Hawthorne Studies/Hawthorne Effect

227. HEXACO Model of Personality

228. High-Performance Organization Model

229. High-Potential Identification

230. High-Potential Initiatives

231. High-Reliability Organizations

232. History of Industrial and Organizational Psychology in

Africa

233. History of Industrial and Organizational Psychology in

Asia

234. History of Industrial and Organizational Psychology in

Chile

235. History of Industrial and Organizational Psychology in

Europe and the United Kingdom

236. History of Industrial and Organizational Psychology in

North America

237. History of Industrial and Organizational Psychology in

Other Parts of the World

238. Honesty Testing

239. Human Capital

240. Human Factors

241. Human Factors and Ergonomics

242. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

243. Human Relations Movement

244. Human Resource Information Systems

245. Human Resource Management

246. Human Resource Strategy

247. Human-Centered Design

248. Human–Computer Interaction

249. Humor in the Workplace

250. I

251. Identity

252. Identity Management Strategies

253. Illegitimate Tasks

254. Immigration: Implications for Organizations

255. Immigration Law and Work

256. Implicit Attitudes

257. Implicit Theory of Leadership

258. Incentives

259. Incremental Validity

260. Individual Differences

261. Individual Psychological Assessment

262. Industrial and Organizational Psychology Journals

263. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Poverty

Reduction, and Prosocial Initiatives

264. Industrial Relations

265. Inferential Statistics

266. Initial Screening

267. Innovation

268. Input–Process–Output Model of Team

Effectiveness

269. Institutional Theory

270. Integrity at Work

271. Integrity Testing

272. Intergroup Relations

273. International Association of Applied Psychology

274. Interpersonal Communication

275. Interpersonal Communication Styles

276. Interpersonal Skills

277. Interrater Reliability/Agreement

278. Interviewing Considerations Beyond Applicant

Ability

279. Intrapreneurship

280. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Work Motivation

281. Item Response Theory

282. J

283. Job Advertisements

284. Job Analysis

285. Job Analysis Methods

286. Job Characteristics Theory

287. Job Choice

288. Job Control

289. Job Crafting

290. Job Demands–Control Theory

291. Job Description

292. Job Design

293. Job Evaluation

294. Job Involvement

295. Job Knowledge Testing

296. Job Performance Models

297. Job Rotation

298. Job Satisfaction

299. Job Satisfaction Measurement

300. Job Search

301. Job Security/Insecurity

302. Job Sharing

303. Job Typologies

304. Journal of Applied Psychology

305. Judgment and Decision-Making Process

306. Judgment and Decision-Making Process: Advice Giving and

Taking

307. Judgment and Decision-Making Process: Heuristics,

Cognitive Biases, and Contextual Influences

308. Justice in Teams

309. K

310. Katzell, Raymond A.: Sixth Recipient, SIOP Distinguished

Scientific Contributions Award

311. Knowledge Management

312. L

313. Labor Law

314. Labor Unions

315. Latent Trait Theory

316. Lawler, Edward E. III: Eighth Recipient, SIOP

Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award

317. Layoffs

318. Leader–Member Exchange Theory

319. Leadership and Gender

320. Leadership and Neuroscience

321. Leadership and Supervision

322. Leadership Circumplex

323. Leadership Development

324. Learning Agility

325. Learning Organizations

326. Least Preferred Coworker Theory

327. Lens Model

328. Letters of Recommendation

329. Linkage Research and Analyses

330. LinkedIn

331. Locus of Control

332. Longitudinal Research

333. M

334. Machiavellianism

335. Machine Learning

336. Managing Talent in China

337. Managing Talent in Global Organizations

338. Mayflower Group

339. McCormick, Ernest J.: Fourth Recipient, SIOP

Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award

340. Measurement Invariance

341. Measurement of Implicit Attitudes

342. Measurement Scales

343. Measures of Association/Correlation Coefficient

344. Mediating Variables

345. Mediation

346. Meetings at Work

347. Mentoring

348. Mergers, Acquisitions, and Strategic Alliances

349. Meta-Analysis

350. Micro Breaks

351. Microaggressions at Work

352. Mindfulness at Work

353. Missing Data

354. Mixed-Methods Designs

355. Moderated Mediation and Mediated Moderation

Models

356. Moderator Variables

357. Mood

358. Morale

359. Motherhood Penalty/Fatherhood Bonus

360. Motivational Traits

361. Motives

362. M-Turk Data Collection

363. Multilevel Modeling

364. Multilevel Modeling Techniques

365. Multimodal Performance Measurement and Assessment

366. Multitrait–Multimethod Matrix

367. N

368. Narcissism

369. National Institute for Occupational Safety and

Health/Occupational Safety and Health Administration

370. Naturalistic Observation

371. Need Theories of Work Motivation

372. Negotiation

373. Negotiation, Mediation, and Arbitration

374. Nepotism

375. Networking

376. New Employee Orientation

377. Nomological Networks

378. Nonexperimental Designs

379. Nonparametric Tests

380. Nonverbal Communication

381. Normative Models of Decision Making and

Leadership

382. Normative Versus Ipsative Measurement

383. Norms

384. O

385. Occupational Health Psychology

386. Occupational Information Network (O*NET)

387. Older Worker Issues

388. Online Assessment

389. Online Qualitative Methods

390. Online Support

391. Online Survey Data Collection Methods: Leveraging

Qualtrics and SurveyMonkey

392. Open Systems Theory

393. Optimism and Pessimism

394. Organizational Attraction

395. Organizational Behavior

396. Organizational Behavior Management

397. Organizational Change

398. Organizational Change, Resistance to

399. Organizational Climate

400. Organizational Commitment

401. Organizational Communication, Discipline of

402. Organizational Communication, Formal

403. Organizational Communication, Informal

404. Organizational Culture

405. Organizational Cynicism

406. Organizational Development

407. Organizational Identification

408. Organizational Image

409. Organizational Justice

410. Organizational Politics

411. Organizational Retaliatory Behavior

412. Organizational Sensemaking

413. Organizational Socialization

414. Organizational Socialization Tactics

415. Organizational Sociology

416. Organizational Structure

417. Organizational Surveys

418. Originality

419. Outsourcing and Temporary Work

420. Owens, William A.: First Recipient, SIOP Distinguished

Scientific Contributions Award

421. P

422. Part-Time Work

423. Passion at Work

424. Path–Goal Theory

425. Perceived Organizational Support

426. Performance Appraisal

427. Performance Appraisal, Objective Indices

428. Performance Appraisal, Subjective Indices

429. Performance Feedback

430. Personality

431. Personality Assessment

432. Person–Environment Fit

433. Person–Job Fit

434. Personnel Psychology

435. Person–Organization Fit

436. Person–Vocation Fit

437. Phenomenology

438. Physical Disabilities at Work

439. Physical Performance Assessment

440. Placement and Classification

441. Policy Capturing Method

442. Political Polarization: Implications for

Organizations

443. Political Skill

444. Polychronicity

445. Porter, Lyman W.: Seventh Recipient, SIOP Distinguished

Scientific Contributions Award

446. Positive Psychology Applied to Work

447. Power Needs

448. Practical Intelligence

449. Practice Careers in Industrial and Organizational

Psychology: External Consulting Roles

450. Practice Careers in Industrial and Organizational

Psychology: Internal Roles

451. Pregnancy Discrimination Act

452. Prejudice

453. Preparing for Academic Careers in Industrial and

Organizational Psychology

454. Preparing for Careers in Industrial and Organizational

Psychology Practice

455. Prescreening Assessment Methods for Personnel

Selection

456. Privacy at Work

457. Proactive Personality

458. Procrastination

459. Profit Sharing

460. Program Evaluation

461. Project A

462. Prosocial Values

463. Prospect Theory

464. Protestant Work Ethic

465. Psychological Contract

466. Psychological Resilience

467. Q

468. Qualitative Analytic Software

469. Qualitative Research Approach

470. Quality of Work Life

471. Quantitative Research Approach

472. Quasi-Experimental Designs

473. Queen Bee Syndrome

474. Questionnaires

475. R

476. Race Norming

477. Rater Training

478. Rating Errors and Perceptual Biases

479. Rational Decision Making Theory

480. Realistic Job Preview

481. Recovery From Work/Psychological Detachment

482. Recruitment

483. Recruitment Sources

484. Registered Reports Publication Model

485. Regression Techniques

486. Reinforcement Theory of Work Motivation

487. Relative Importance

488. Reliability

489. Religious Discrimination

490. Results-Only Work Environment

491. Retesting

492. Retirement

493. Rightsizing

494. Rise of Africa: Implications for Organizations

495. Rise of China: Implications for Organizations

496. Role Ambiguity

497. Role Conflict

498. Role of Theory in Research

499. Role Overload and Underload

500. S

501. Safety Climate

502. Sampling Techniques

503. Scale Creation

504. Scale Development

505. Scientific Management

506. Scientist–Practitioner Model

507. Selection: Occupational Tailoring

508. Selection Strategies

509. Self-Concept Theory of Work Motivation

510. Self-Determination Theory

511. Self-Efficacy

512. Self-Esteem

513. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Pygmalion Effect

514. Self-Leadership Theory

515. Self-Regulation Theory

516. Servant Leadership

517. Service Climate

518. Sexual Discrimination

519. Sexual Harassment

520. Shared Leadership

521. Shift Work

522. Simulation, Computer Approach

523. Situational Approach to Leadership

524. Situational Judgment Tests

525. Situational Leadership Theory

526. Smith, Patricia C.: Second Recipient, SIOP Distinguished

Scientific Contributions Award

527. Social Cognitive Theory

528. Social Comparison Theory

529. Social Exchange Theory

530. Social Loafing

531. Social Media: Implications for Organizations

532. Social Media in Selection

533. Social Norms and Conformity

534. Social Relations Model

535. Social Support

536. Socialization

537. Socialization, Employee Proactive Behaviors

538. Society for Human Resource Management

539. Society for Industrial and Organizational

Psychology

540. Sociotechnical Approach

541. Space and Spaceflight: Implications for

Organizations

542. Stakeholder Theory

543. Standardized Testing

544. Statistical Power

545. Status Characteristics Theory

546. Stereotype Threat

547. Stereotyping

548. Stigma

549. Strategic Human Resources

550. Strategic Planning

551. Strategic Talent Management

552. Strategy

553. Stress, Consequences

554. Stress, Coping and Management

555. Stress, Models and Theories

556. Stress and Physiological Indicators

557. Stress Management Interventions

558. Structural Equation Modeling

559. Subconscious Motivation

560. Succeeding in Academic Careers in Industrial and

Organizational Psychology

561. Succeeding in Careers in Industrial and Organizational

Psychology Practice

562. Succession Planning

563. Survey Approach

564. Survey Nonresponse Bias

565. Survivor Syndrome

566. Sustainability: Implications for Organizations

567. T

568. Team Building

569. Team Development

570. Team Mental Model

571. Team-Based Rewards

572. Teams

573. Teams, Creativity and Innovation

574. Telecommuting

575. Temporary Workers

576. Terrorism: Implications for Organizations

577. Terrorism and Work

578. Test Security

579. Tests of Mean Differences

580. Theft at Work

581. Theory of Action

582. Theory of Reasoned Action/Theory of Planned

Behavior

583. Theory of Work Adjustment

584. Theory X/Y

585. 360-Degree Feedback

586. Time Management

587. Tips for Applying to Industrial and Organizational

Psychology Graduate School

588. Tips for Creating a Consulting Practice

589. Tips for Getting an Internship

590. Total Quality Management

591. Trade Unions

592. Trainability and Adaptability

593. Training

594. Training Evaluation

595. Training Methods

596. Training Needs Assessment and Analysis

597. Trait Approach to Leadership

598. Transfer of Training

599. Transformational and Transactional Leadership

600. Triple Bottom Line

601. Trust

602. Two-Factor Theory

603. Type A/Type B Personality

604. U

605. Underemployment

606. Unethical Data Analytic Practices

607. Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection

Procedures

608. Union Commitment

609. Union Law

610. Unions

611. U.S. National Debt: Implications for

Organizations

612. User Experience

613. Utility Analysis

614. V

615. Validation Strategies

616. Validity

617. Verbal Protocol Analysis

618. Veterans in Civilian Work

619. Victimization

620. Violence at Work

621. Virtual Interactions

622. Virtual Organizations

623. Virtual Teams

624. Vocational Interests/Choice

625. Volunteer Management

626. W

627. Web-Based Assessment

628. What Is Theory?

629. Whistle-Blowers

630. Withdrawal Behaviors, Absenteeism

631. Withdrawal Behaviors, Lateness

632. Withdrawal Behaviors, Turnover

633. Work as a Calling

634. Work Ethic

635. Work Motivation

636. Work Samples

637. Work Values

638. Workaholism

639. Workers’ Compensation Law

640. Work–Life Balance

641. Work–Life Conflict

642. Work–Life Enrichment

643. Workplace Accommodations for People With

Disabilities

644. Workplace Exclusion

645. Workplace Incivility

646. Workplace Injuries

647. Workplace Romance

648. Workplace Safety

649. Workplace Spirituality and Spiritual Leadership

650. Appendix A: Graduate Training Programs in Industrial and

Organizational (I-O) Psychology and Organizational Behavior and Human Resources

(OBHR)

651. Appendix B: Groups Related to Industrial and Organizational

Psychology

652. Appendix C: 2012 lncome and Employment Survey Results for the

Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology

653. Appendix D: Policy on Licensure

654. Index