پیشگامان در میکروبیولوژی ۲۰۱۷
Pioneers in Microbiology 2017

1. Contents

2. Preface

3. Acknowledgments

4. About the Authors

5. Chapter 1 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723): The First Microbiologist

6. Chapter 2 Robert Hooke (1635–1703): The First to Observe the Existence of Microorganisms

7. Chapter 3 Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799): Fighting Against the Odds

8. Chapter 4 Edward Jenner (1749–1823): The First and Greatest Success of Immunization

9. Chapter 5 Agostino Maria Bassi (1773–1856): Pioneer of Studying Contagious Disease

10. Chapter 6 Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (1818–1865): Savior of Mothers

11. Chapter 7 Louis Pasteur (1822–1895): The Master of Microbiology

12. Chapter 8 Ferdinand Julius Cohn (1828–1898): Pioneer of Bacteriology

13. Chapter 9 Joseph Lister (1827–1912): Pioneer of Antisepsis

14. Chapter 10 Heinrich Anton de Bary (1831–1888): Pioneer of Mycology

15. Chapter 11 Thomas Jonathan Burrill (1839–1916): Pioneer of Microbe and Plant Diseases

16. Chapter 12 Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen (1841–1912): Pioneer of Leprosy Studies

17. Chapter 13 Robert Koch (1843–1910): The Great Medical Microbiologist

18. Chapter 14 Élie Metchnikoff (1845–1916): Phagocytosis and Immunology

19. Chapter 15 Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1845–1922): Discoverer of the Malaria Parasite

20. Chapter 16 Martinus Willem Beijerinck (1851–1931): Pioneer of General Microbiology

21. Chapter 17 Walter Reed (1851–1902): Yellow Fever Fighter

22. Chapter 18 Emile Roux (1853–1933): Diseases Fighter

23. Chapter 19 Emil von Behring (1854–1917): Pioneer of Serology

24. Chapter 20 Erwin F. Smith (1854–1927): Father of Plant Pathology

25. Chapter 21 David Bruce (1855–1931): Pioneer of Veterinary Microbiology

26. Chapter 22 Sergei N. Winogradsky (1856–1953): Founder of Soil and General Microbiology

27. Chapter 23 Kitasato Shibasaburo (1853–1931): First to Isolate Clostridium tetani and a Pioneer of Serology

28. Chapter 24 Theobald Smith (1859–1934): The Captain of American Microbe Hunters

29. Chapter 25 Alexandre Yersin (1863–1943): Pioneer of Plague Fighter

30. Chapter 26 Albert Leon Charles Calmette (1863–1933): Antituberculousis and BCG Vaccination

31. Chapter 27 Charles J. H. Nicolle (1866–1936): Pioneer of Typhus Studies

32. Chapter 28 Howard Taylor Ricketts (1871–1910): Pioneer of Rickettsial Diseases Studies

33. Chapter 29 Chaim A. Weizmann (1874–1952): Pioneer of Industrial Microbiology and First President of Israel

34. Chapter 30 Oswald Theodore Avery (1877–1955): Microbiological Genetic Transmission and DNA

35. Chapter 31 Frederick Griffith (1879–1941): Discovery of Transformation

36. Chapter 32 Alexander Fleming (1881–1955): The Discovery of Penicillin

37. Chapter 33 Albert Jan Kluyver (1888–1956): Unity of Biochemistry and Pioneer of General Microbiology

38. Chapter 34 Gerhardt J. Domagk (1895–1964): Pioneer of Sulfur Drug Chemotherapy

39. Chapter 35 Paul Henry de Kruif (1890–1971): Gas Gangrene Research and Historian of Microbiology

40. Chapter 36 William C. Frazier (1894–1991): Pioneer of Dairy and Food Microbiologist

41. Chapter 37 Ira Lawrence Baldwin (1895–1999): Pioneer of Agricultural Microbiology and Education

42. Chapter 38 Cornelis B. van Niel (1897–1985): Educator and Pioneer of Bacterial Photosynthesis and General Microbiology

43. Chapter 39 Max Theiler (1899–1972): Yellow Fever Vaccine Developer

44. Chapter 40 René Jules Dubos (1901–1982): Pioneer of Bacterial Antibiotics and Environmental Microbiology

45. Chapter 41 Barbara McClintock (1902–1992): Pioneer of Microcellular Directed Genetics

46. Chapter 42 George W. Beadle (1903–1989): Pioneer of Biochemical Genetics

47. Chapter 43 Edward Lawrie Tatum (1909–1975): Pioneer of Molecular Genetics

48. Chapter 44 Horace A. Barker (1907–2000): Pioneer of Anaerobic Metabolism

49. Chapter 45 Deam Hunter Ferris (1912–1993): Pioneer of Epizoonotic Studies

50. Chapter 46 Herman J. Phaff (1913–2001): Pioneer of Yeast Biology

51. Chapter 47 Harold Boyd Woodruff (1917–2017): Antibiotics Hunter and Distinguished Soil Microbiologist

52. Chapter 48 Ralph S. Wolfe (1921 to Present): Pioneer of Biochemistry of Methanogenesis

53. Chapter 49 Esther Miriam (Zimmer) Lederberg (1922–2006): Transduction and Replica Plating

54. Chapter 50 Marvin P. Bryant (1925–2000): Bacteria in Methanogenic Ecosystems

55. Chapter 51 Joshua Lederberg (1925–2008): Pioneer of Microbial Genetics

56. Chapter 52 Hubert A. Lechevalier (1926–2015): Antibiotics Hunter and Actinomycetologist

57. Chapter 53 Thomas D. Brock (1926 to Present): A Successful Modern Microbes Hunter

58. Chapter 54 Arnold L. Demain (1927 to Present): A Giant of Industrial Microbiology

59. Chapter 55 Bruce N. Ames (1928 to Present): A Pioneer of Genetic Toxicology and Molecular Mutagenesis

60. Chapter 56 Richard L. Crowell (1930 to Present): Cellular Receptors and Viral Infection

61. Chapter 57 Peter Charles Doherty (1940 to Present): Pioneer of Immunology

62. Name Index

63. Subject Index