راهنمای روانپزشکی بستری ۲۰۲۰
Manual of Inpatient Psychiatry 2020

"Patients with schizophrenia who meet criteria for admission to an inpatient unit are generally quite ill. The so-called 'positive symptoms' of schizophrenia, which can result in threatening behavior and loss of control, are the usual triggers for admission. Some admitted patients will be experiencing a first episode of illness ('first break'), while others are hospitalized with an exacerbation of pre-existing schizophrenia. The most obvious -and most disruptive- symptoms are generally related to psychosis, with the loss of reality testing and impaired mental functioning. Psychosis usually presents with hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and/or bizarre or disruptive behavior. The onset of illness or worsening of psychotic symptoms may be noticed by a family member, friend, teacher, co-worker, employer, or caregiver who sees the patient behaving bizarrely and deteriorating in their ability to function. A given patient may be so disruptive in the community that he or she is brought to the emergency department by police. Some patients might even be hospitalized involuntarily for a time, depending on the laws and criteria in their state"--