دانشنامه علوم آب ۲۰۰۷
Encyclopedia of water Science 2007

1. Cover

2. Half Title

3. Title Page

4. Copyright Page

5. Contents

6. Contributors

7. Topical Table of Contents

8. Preface to Second Edition

9. Preface to First Edition

10. Academic Disciplines

11. Acid Rain and Precipitation Chemistry

12. African Market Garden

13. Agricultural Runoff: Characteristics

14. Agroforestry: Enhancing Water Use Efficiency

15. Alluvial Fan

16. Ancient Greece: Agricultural Hydraulic Works

17. Ancient Greece: Hydrologic and Hydraulic Science and Technology

18. Ancient Greece: Urban Water Engineering and Management

19. Antitranspirants: Film-Forming Types

20. Antitranspirants: Stomata Closing Types

21. Aquifers

22. Aquifers: Artificial Recharge

23. Aquifers: Ogallala

24. Aquifers: Recharge

25. Aquifers: Transmissivity

26. Aral Sea Disaster

27. Arctic Hydrology

28. Boron

29. Bound Water in Soils

30. Brahmaputra Basin

31. Canal Automation

32. Chemical Measurement

33. Chemigation

34. Chernobyl Accident: Impacts on Water Resources

35. Chesapeake Bay

36. Chromium

37. Conservation: Tillage and No-Tillage

38. Consumptive Water Use

39. Crop Coefficients

40. Crop Development Models

41. Crop Plants: Critical Developmental Stages of Water Stress

42. Crop Residues: Snow Capture by

43. Cyanobacteria in Eutrophic Freshwater Systems

44. Dam Removal

45. Darcy’s Law

46. Databases

47. Deltas

48. Desalination

49. Drainage and Water Quality

50. Drainage Coefficient

51. Drainage: Controlled

52. Drainage: Hydrologic Impacts

53. Drainage: Inadequacy and Crop Response

54. Drainage: Irrigated Land

55. Drainage: Land Shaping

56. Drainage: Materials

57. Drainage: Modeling

58. Drainage: Soil Salinity Management

59. Drinking Water Supply Distribution Systems

60. Drip Lines and Emitters: Acidification for Prevention of Clogging

61. Drip Lines and Emitters: Chlorination for Disinfection and Prevention of Clogging

62. Drought

63. Drought Hardening and Pre-Sowing Seed Hardening

64. Drought: Avoidance and Adaptation

65. Drought: Management

66. Drought: Resistance

67. Dryland and Semiarid Regions: Research Centers

68. Dryland Cropping Systems

69. Dryland Farming

70. Dust Bowl Era

71. El Nino

72. Energy Dissipation Structures

73. Erosion and Precipitation

74. Erosion and Productivity

75. Erosion Control: Mechanical

76. Erosion Control: Tillage/Residue Methods

77. Erosion Control: Vegetative

78. Erosion Problems: Historical Review

79. Erosion Research: History

80. Erosion Research: Instrumentation

81. Erosion: Accelerated

82. Erosion: Bank

83. Erosion: Prediction

84. Erosion: Process Modeling

85. Eutrophication

86. Evaporation

87. Evaporation and Eddy Correlation

88. Evaporation and Energy Balance

89. Evaporation from Lakes and Large Bodies of Water

90. Evaporation from Soils

91. Evapotranspiration: Canopy Architecture and Climate Effects

92. Evapotranspiration: Formulas

93. Evapotranspiration: Greenhouses

94. Evapotranspiration: Reference and Potential

95. Evapotranspiration: Remote Sensing

96. Evapotranspiration: Weather Station Network Information

97. Everglades

98. Farm Ponds

99. Fertilizer and Pesticide Leaching: Irrigation Management

100. Field Water Supply and Balance

101. Filtration and Particulate Removal

102. Floodplain Management

103. Floods and Flooding

104. Flouride

105. Flow Measurement: History

106. Fluvial Islands

107. Frozen Soil: Water Movement in

108. Furrow Dikes

109. Ganges River

110. Giant Reed (Arundo donax): Effects on Streams and Water Resources

111. Global Temperature Change and Terrestrial Ecology

112. Groundwater: Contamination

113. Groundwater: Contamination, Arsenic

114. Groundwater: Mapping Levels

115. Groundwater: Measuring Levels

116. Groundwater: Mining

117. Groundwater: Modeling

118. Groundwater: Modeling Using Numerical Methods

119. Groundwater: Pollution from Mining

120. Groundwater: Pollution from Nitrogen Fertilizers

121. Groundwater: Pollution from Phosphorous Fertilizers

122. Groundwater: Pumping and Land Subsidence

123. Groundwater: Pumping Methods

124. Groundwater: Quality

125. Groundwater: Quality and Irrigated Agriculture

126. Groundwater: Regulation

127. Groundwater: Saltwater Intrusion

128. Groundwater: Western United States

129. Groundwater: World Resources

130. Hydrologic Cycle

131. Hydrologic Management of Contaminated Sites Using Vegetation

132. Hydrologic Process Modeling

133. Hydrology Research Centers

134. Hypoxia: Gulf of Mexico

135. Internet

136. Irrigated Agriculture: Economic Impacts of Investments

137. Irrigated Agriculture: Endangered Species Policy

138. Irrigated Agriculture: Historical View

139. Irrigated Agriculture: Managing toward Sustainability

140. Irrigated Agriculture: Social Impacts

141. Irrigated Water: Market Role in Reallocating

142. Irrigated Water: Polymer Application

143. Irrigation Design: Steps and Elements

144. Irrigation Districts and Similar Organizations

145. Irrigation Economics: Global

146. Irrigation Economics: United States

147. Irrigation Management: Humid Regions

148. Irrigation Management: Tropics

149. Irrigation Return Flow and Quality

150. Irrigation Sagacity (IS)

151. Irrigation Scheduling: Plant Indicators (Field Application)

152. Irrigation Scheduling: Plant Indicators (Measurement)

153. Irrigation Scheduling: Remote Sensing Technologies

154. Irrigation Scheduling: Soil Water Status

155. Irrigation Scheduling: Water Budgeting

156. Irrigation Systems: Drip

157. Irrigation Systems: History

158. Irrigation Systems: Subsurface Drip

159. Irrigation: Deflcit

160. Irrigation: Efficiency

161. Irrigation: Frost Protection and Bloom Delay

162. Irrigation: Impact on River Flows

163. Irrigation: Metering

164. Irrigation: Preplant

165. Irrigation: Saline Water

166. Irrigation: Sewage Effluent Use

167. Irrigation: Site-Specific

168. Irrigation: Sprinklers (Mechanical)

169. Irrigation: Supplemental

170. Irrigation: Surface

171. Isotopes

172. Journals

173. Karst Aquifers

174. Karst Aquifers: Water Quality and Water Resource Problems

175. La Nina

176. Land Drainage: Subsurface

177. Land Drainage: Wells

178. Leaf Water Potential

179. Library Resources

180. Livestock and Poultry Production:Water Consumption

181. Livestock Water Quality Standards

182. Livestock: Water Harvesting Methods

183. Low-Impact Development

184. Manure Management: Beef Cattle Industry Requirements

185. Manure Management: Dairy

186. Manure Management: Poultry

187. Manure Management: Swine

188. Marketing

189. Matric Potential

190. Microbial Sampling

191. Mining Impact: Metals

192. Natural Levees

193. Neuse River

194. Nitrogen Measurement

195. Nonpoint Source Pollution (NPSP)

196. Nutrients: Best Management Practices

197. Observation Wells

198. On-Farm Irrigation Flow Measurement

199. Open-Channel Flow Rate Measurements

200. Open-Channel Spillways

201. Oxygen Measurement: Biological–Chemical Oxygen Demand

202. Pathogens: General Characteristics

203. Pathogens: Transport by Water

204. Pesticide Contamination: Groundwater

205. Pesticide Contamination: Surface Water

206. Pfiesteria Piscicida

207. pH

208. Pharmaceuticals in Water Supplies

209. Phosphorus: Inputs into Freshwater from Agriculture

210. Phosphorus: Measurement

211. Phosphorus: Transport in Riverine Systems

212. Plant Water Stress: Exposure during Specific Growth Stages

213. Plant Water Stress: Optional Parameters for Stress Relief

214. Plant Water Use: Stomatal Control

215. Plant Yield and Water Use

216. Plants: Critical Growth Periods

217. Plants: Osmotic Adjustment

218. Plants: Osmotic Potential

219. Plants: Salt Tolerance

220. Platte River

221. Pollution: Point Source (PS)

222. Porous Pavements

223. Precipitation: Distribution Patterns

224. Precipitation: Forms

225. Precipitation: Measurement

226. Precipitation: Modification

227. Precipitation: Remote Sensing Measurement

228. Precipitation: Simulation Models

229. Precipitation: Stochastic Properties

230. Precipitation: Storms

231. Precision Agriculture and Water Use

232. Precision Conservation

233. Professional Societies

234. Psychrometry: Accuracy, Interpretation, and Sampling

235. Psychrometry: Theory, Types, and Uses

236. Pumps: Displacement

237. Pumps: Internal Combustion Engines

238. Rainfall Shelters

239. Rainfed Farming

240. Rainwater Harvesting

241. Rangeland Management: Enhanced Water Utilization

242. Rangeland Water Yield: Influence of Brush Clearing

243. Rangelands: Water Balance

244. Research Organizations

245. Residential Irrigation Water Use and Control

246. Reverse Osmosis

247. Richards’ Equation

248. Ring and Tension Infiltrometers

249. Riparian Geomorphology

250. River Channelization

251. River Channels

252. Rural Water Supply: Water Harvesting

253. Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta

254. Saline Seeps

255. Saline Water

256. Salton Sea

257. Satellite Sensing: Atmospheric Water

258. Scaling Processes in Watersheds

259. Seas: Dead and Dying

260. Sediment Budgets

261. Sediment Load

262. Selenium

263. Software Development

264. Soil Macropores: Water and Solute Movement

265. Soil Moisture Measurement by Feel and Appearance

266. Soil Water Measurement: Capacitance

267. Soil Water Measurement: Granular Matrix Sensors

268. Soil Water Measurement: Gravimetric

269. Soil Water Measurement: Neutron Thermalization

270. Soil Water Measurement: Soil Probes

271. Soil Water Measurement: Tensiometers

272. Soil Water Measurement: Time Domain Reflectometry

273. Soil Water: Antecedent

274. Soil Water: Capillary Rise

275. Soil Water: Diffusion

276. Soil Water: Energy Concepts. Logsdon

277. Soil Water: Flow under Saturated Conditions

278. Soil Water: Flow under Unsaturated Conditions

279. Soil Water: Functions in Pedostructure

280. Soil Water: Hysteresis

281. Soil Water: Plant-Available

282. Soil Water: Salinity Measurement

283. Soil Water: Sensor-Based Automatic Irrigation of Vegetable Crops

284. Soils: Field Capacity

285. Soils: Hydraulic Conductivity Rates

286. Soils: Hygroscopic Water Content

287. Soils: Permanent Wilting Points

288. Soils: Water Infiltration

289. Soils: Water Percolation

290. Soils: Waterborne Chemicals Leaching through

291. Stomatal Responses to the Environment: Quantifying

292. Storativity and Specific Yield

293. Stormwater Management

294. Streambank Stabilization

295. Summer Fallow

296. Surface Water: Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

297. Surface Water: Nitrogen Enrichment

298. Surface Water: Pollution by Nitrogen Fertilizers

299. Surface Water: Pollution by Surface Mines

300. Surface Water: Quality and Phosphorous Applications

301. Surface Water: Western United States Law

302. Suspended-Sediment Transport Measurement

303. Tailwater Recovery and Reuse

304. Tamarisk

305. Timber Harvesting: Influence on Water Yield and Water Quality

306. Time Domain Reflectometry: Salinity and Solute Measurement

307. Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)

308. Transpiration

309. Transpiration: Carbon Dioxide and Plants

310. Transpiration: Efficiency

311. Transpiration: Scaling from Leaves and Canopies

312. Transpiration: Water Use Efficiency

313. Two-Stage Channel Geometry: Active Floodplain Requirements

314. Uptake by Plant Roots

315. Uptake by Plant Roots: Modeling Water Extraction

316. Urban Hydrology

317. Urban Water Quality

318. Vadose Zone and Groundwater Protection

319. Vapor Transport in Dry Soils

320. Virtual Water

321. Virtual Water: Economic Perspective

322. Virtual Water: Measuring Flows around the World

323. Wastewater Use in Agriculture: Agronomic Considerations

324. Wastewater Use in Agriculture: Empirical Evidence

325. Wastewater Use in Agriculture: Public Health Considerations

326. Wastewater Use in Agriculture: Saline and Sodic Waters

327. Water Balance Scheduling in Arid Regions

328. Water Footprints

329. Water Harvesting

330. Water Properties

331. Water Quality: Modeling

332. Water Quality: Range and Pasture Land

333. Water Quality: Sampling of Runoff from Agricultural Fields

334. Wellhead Protection

335. Wells: Drilling

336. Wells: Hydraulics

337. Wetlands and Petroleum

338. Wetlands as Treatment Systems

339. Wetlands: Ecosystems

340. Wind Erosion and Water Resources

341. Yellow River

342. Index